Table 2

Details of videoconferencing exercise interventions

Reference	Exercise mode	Type of monitoring	Exercise (sessions/week)	Sessions duration (min)	Intensity of exercise sessions	Duration of trial (weeks)	Group or individual training	Details of other interventions received
Duruturk and Özköslü45	I=Res, C=N/A	I=Ex, via unspecified VC technology, C=N/A	I=3, C=N/A	I=25–40, C=N/A	I ≤7/10 RPE, C=N/A	I=6, C=6	N/A	I=initial Ed session, C=initial Ed session; usual medical therapies
Tsai et al 35	I=Aer and Res, C=N/A	I=Ex, via VC using VSee software, C=N/A	I=3, C=N/A	I=15–60, C=N/A	I=3–4/10 RPE, C=N/A	I=8, C=8	Group	I=N/A, C=usual care (pharmacological)
Lai et al 50	I=Aer and Res, C=Aer and Res	I=Ex. via custom VC android application, C=non-sup, Ex, via telehealth with telemonitoring	I=3, C=3	I=20–55, C=20–55	I=Aer: 40%–60% HRR, Res: 2/3 sets, ≥10 reps; C=Aer: 40%–60% HRR, Res: 2/3 sets, ≥10reps	I=8, C=8	Individual	I=behavioural coaching during initial home visit, C=behavioural coaching during initial home visit
Knox et al 30	I=Aer, C=Aer	I=Ex, via an installable home system, with in-person supervision; C=in person Ex at hub centre parallel with I group	I=2, C=2	I=60–90, C=60–90	N/A	I=7, C=7	Group	I=20–40 min Ed, two times per week, with choice of extra 1:1 sessions; C=20–40 min Ed, two times per week, with choice of extra 1:1 sessions
Fjeldstad-Pardo et al 48	I=Res, C=Res, PT=Res	I=Ex, via unspecified VC equipment; C=non-sup, home Ex; PT=in-person monitoring in-clinic, non-sup, home Ex.	I=2, C=5, PT=2	I=N/A, C=N/A, PT=N/A	I=N/A, C=N/A, PT=N/A	I=8, C=8, PT=8	N/A	I=N/A, C=N/A, PT=N/A
Hansen et al 28	I=Aer and Res, C=Aer and Res	I=Ex, via unspecified VC software, C=Ex, in-person at hospital	I=3, C=2	I=35, C=60	I=Aer: 4–7/10 RPE, Res: 40%–80%, 1RM ≥8 reps, 2/3 sets; C=Aer: 4–7/10 RPE, Res: 40%–80%,1RM ≥8 reps, 2/3 sets	I=10. C=10	Group	I=20 min Ed session after each session, C=60–90 min Ed session once per week
Peng et al 41	I=Aer and Res,C=N/A	I=Ex, through VC/instant messaging software QQ and WeChat. C=N/A	Stage 1: I=3, C=N/A; stage 2: I=5, C=N/A	Stage 1: I=20, C=N/A; stage 2: I=30, C=N/A	I=40%–70% HRR, C=N/A	I=8, C=N/A	N/A	I=brochure, one Ed. session post discharge for 60 min, weekly follow-up with cardiac nurse; C=usual care for facility
Hwang et al 40	I=Aer and Res, C=Aer and Res	I=Ex, via an installable home system; C=Ex, provided in-person	I=2, C=2	I=60, C=60	I=9–13/20 RPE, C=9–13/20 RPE	I=12, C=12	Group	Both groups received Ed sessions on the same day as exercise sessions facilitated by a multidisciplinary team.
Hickman et al 46	I=Aer and Res, C=N/A	I=Ex, via VC using a secure internet platform provided by health services, C=N/A	I=1 (first 4 weeks), C=N/A	I=60, C=N/A	I=Aer: 11–18/20 RPE, Res: 5–12 RM; C=N/A	I=12, C=12	Group	I=additional home prescribed Ex, regularly scheduled telehealth dietitian sessions, health text messaging; C=N/A
Doiron-Cadrin et al 57	I=Aer and Res, IP=Aer and Res, C=N/A	I=Ex, via VC platform REACTS Lite, Skype and Facetime; IP=in-person exercise training at outpatient clinic; C=N/A	I=2, IP=2, C=N/A	I=N/A, IP=N/A, C=N/A	I=N/A, IP=N/A, C=N/A	I=12, IP=12, C=12	Individual	I and IP=additional home Ex (3× per week); C=booklet with information on surgery, medication and rehabilitation
Baillot et al 44	I=Aer and Res, PT=Aer and Res, C=N/A	I=Ex, via an installable home system; PT=Ex, provided in person; C=N/A	I=2, PT=2, C=N/A	I=80, PT=80, C=N/A	I=55%–85% HRR, PT=55%–85% HRR, C=N/A	I=12, PT=12, C=N/A	Individual	I=one additional unsupervised Ex session per week, PT=N/A, C=lifestyle counselling sessions every 6–8 weeks
Scalvini et al 42	I=Aer and Res, C=Aer and Res	I=Ex, via unspecified VC platform; C=Ex, provided in-person in a hospital setting	I=Aer: 2/d, Res: 1/d; C=Aer: 2/d, Res:1/d	I=Aer: 40, Res: 10–50; C=Aer: 40, Res:10–50	I=Aer: 25–50 W C=Aer: 25–50 W No Res intensity provided	I=4 C=4	Individual	I=physiotherapist home visit after discharge and once weekly; nurse tutor contact once fortnightly; specialist advice on demand; Ed. intervention on discharge
Burkow et al 27	I=Aer and Res	I=Ex, via unspecified VC system	I=2	I=30	I=N/A	I=9	Group	I=1–2 additional non-sup, Ex sessions/week; 60 min Ed session 1/week; Ed videos
Coats et al 55	I=Aer and Res	I=Ex< via eChez-Soi telerehabilitation platform, facilitated by Vidyo	I=3	I=75	I=60%–80% VO2Peak, RPE ≥6/10	I=8	Individual	I=titrating Ex sessions (3 in weeks 1 and 2, 2 in weeks 3–5, 1 in weeks 7 and 8)
Holland et al 29	I=Aer	I=Ex, via VSee VC software	I=2	I=30	I=3/10 RPE, 60% PWR	I=8	Group	I=informal discussion posts around COPD-related topics
Lai et al 51	I=Aer	I=Ex, via custom designed VC software	I=3	I=30	I=60% HRR	I=8	Individual	I=Real-time Ex, goal messages provided through telehealth platform
Marquis et al 31	I=Aer and Res	I=Ex, via an installable home system	I=3	I=10–40	I=60% PWR	I=8	Individual	I=Ed programme; titrating Ex sessions (×3 weeks 1 and 2, ×2 weeks 3–5, ×1 weeks 7 and 8)
Rosenbek Minet et al 32	I=Aer and Res	I=Ex, via a customised VC platform	I=3	I=30–45	I=Aer: 60%–90% MC, Res: 60% 1RM	I=3	Individual	I=non-sup Ex programme on other days of the week; 1–2 sessions with OT
Ptomey et al 53	I=Aer and Res	I=Ex, via Zoom VC software	I=3	I=30	I=3–6 METs	I=12	Group	I=3 Ed/support sessions with Ex advice
Simonÿ et al 33	I=Aer and Res	I=Ex, via unspecified VC platform	I=3	I=75	I=60%–80% MC	I=26	Group	I=Additional allied health intervention
Tousignant et al 38	I=Aer and Res	I=Ex, via an installable home system	I=3	I=10–45	N/A	I=8	Individual	I=titrating Ex sessions (3 in weeks 1 and 2, 2 in weeks 3–5, 1 in weeks 7and 8)
Tousignant et al 43	I=Aer and Res	I=Ex, via Vigil 2 VC platform	I=3	I=60	N/A	I=12	Individual	I=titrating Ex sessions (3 in weeks 1 and 2, 2 in weeks 3–7, 1 in weeks 8–12)
Hüzmeli et al 49	I=Res	I=Ex, via an unspecified VC platform	I=3	N/A	N/A	I=9	Individual	I=initial session in-person with physiotherapist
Tomlinson et al 34	I=Aer and Res	I=Ex, via Skype VC platform	I=3	I=30	N/A	I=8	Individual	I=intervention period lasted 8 weeks, with 4 weeks of observation after
Bernocchi et al 47	I=Res	I=Ex, via TeleRiab VC platform	I=1	N/A	N/A	I=12	Individual	I=weekly nurse–tutor contact, DVD detailing Ex for non-sup completion
Lai et al 52	I=Res	I=Ex, via an installable home system	I=1	I=30	N/A	I=8	Group	I=participants received Ed and social support intervention
Chen et al 39	I=Aer and Res	I=Ex, via VSee VC platform	I=3	I=60	I=1–10 scale (unknown)	I=12–16	Group	I=patients also received dietetic VC sessions
Zanaboni et al 36	I=Aer and Res	I=Ex, via LifeSize VC platform	I=1	I ≥30	I=5–6/10 RPE	I=104	Individual	N/A
Charles et al 54	I=Aer and Res	I=Ex, via VisioMoov VC platform	I=1	I=45–60	I=‘moderate intensity’	I=26	Group	I=exercise diary, individual telephone follow-up, VC workshops for management of fatigue and behaviour change
Lambert et al 56	I=Res	I=Ex, via Zoom VC platform	Weeks 1–8: I=2, weeks 9–16: I=3	Weeks 1–4: I=35, weeks 5–12: I=40, weeks 13–16: I=45	I=N/A	I=16	Group	N/A
Lewis et al 37	I=Aer and Res	I=Ex, via BigBlueButton Greenlight VC platform	I=2	I=45–60	I=3–4/10 RPE	I=6	Group	I=online learning platform
Patel et al 58	I=Aer. and Res.	I=Ex. via JioMeet and WhatsApp VC platforms	I=3	I=35	I=60%–80% maximum HR <13/20 RPE	I=4	Group	I=weekly telephone contact with health provider

Aer, aerobic; C, comparator; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Ed, education; Ex, exercise; HR, heart rate; HRR, heart rate reserve; I, intervention; IP, in-person; MC, maximum capacity; MET, metabolic equivalent; N/A, not available; Non-sup, non-supervised; OT, occupational therapist; PR, pulmonary rehabilitation; PT, personal training; PWR, peak work rate; Res, resistance; 1RM, 1 repetition maximum; RM, repetition maximum; RPE, rating of perceived exertion; VC, videoconferencing; VO2Peak, volume of oxygen uptake during peak exercise.