Table 1

Tackle characteristics analysed

Tackles
Tackle eventsCounted as a single tackle regardless of the no of players involved.
Tackle actionsCounted as the total no of tackles made (eg, a tackle event involving two tacklers would be coded as two tackle actions).
Players in tackle
 1 player tackleOnly 1 defender/tackler is involved at any point in the tackle up to when it is completed.
 2 player tackle2 defenders/tacklers are involved at any point in the tackle up to when it is completed.
 3 player tackle3 defenders/tacklers are involved at any point in the tackle up to when it is completed.
Tackle type
 Active shoulderFirst contact is with the tackler’s shoulder, and the tackler drives or attempts to drive the ball carrier backwards.
 Passive shoulderFirst contact is with the tackler’s shoulder and the tackler does not drive or attempt to drive the ball carrier back.
 Tap tackleTackler trips the ball carrier with a hand on the lower limb below the knee.
 Smother tackleTackler uses the chest and attempts to wrap both arms around the ball carrier.
 Lift (illegal)Tackler lifts the ball carrier’s hips above the BC head.
 No arms (illegal)Tackler impedes the ball carrier without use of their arms.
 High tackle (illegal)Penalised by the referee for contact being high.
 Tackle in the air (illegal)Penalised by the referee for defender making contact with carrier in the air.
Point of contact
 Head and neckInitial contact on head or neck of ball carrier.
 Shoulder and armpitInitial contact above the line of the armpit and below top of shoulders or ball carrier.
 TorsoInitial contact above midpoint of hips and below the line of the armpit of ball carrier.
 Upper legInitial contact above midpoint of knee and below midpoint of hips of ball carrier.
 Lower legInitial contact from foot to midpoint of knee of ball carrier.
Tackle direction
 Front-onTackler makes contact on the front of the BC.
 On angleTackler makes contact with the BC on an angle.
 Side onTackler makes contact with the side of the BC.
 From backTackler makes contact with the BC from behind.
Body position
 Tackler/carrier uprightNo bend at the waist/hips at the point of contact.
 Tackler/carrier partially bentApproximately 30°–60° bend at waist at the point of contact.
 Tackler/carrier fully bentGreater than approximately 60° bend at waist at the point of contact.
 Tackler/carrier divingDiving at the point of contact.
Tackler and carrier speed
 StaticPlayer has feet planted in the final moments before contact.
 In motionPlayer is in motion (walking/jogging) but not at ‘high speed’.
 High speedPlayer is at fast pace or sprinting.