Functional performance at 1 year and risk of worsening early osteoarthritis features up to 5 years*
| Worsening early osteoarthritis features on MRI | ||||||
| PF cartilage | PF BML | TF cartilage | TF BML | TF meniscal | ||
| n=34/78 (44%) | n=14/78 (18%) | n=16/78 (21%) | n=12/78 (15%) | n=17/78 (22%) | ||
| Single HFD | No. (%) | |||||
| Raw score (cm)† | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) | 1.01 (0.98 to 1.03) | 0.98 (0.96 to 1.01) | 1.00 (0.97 to 1.03) | 0.98 (0.96 to 1.02) | |
| Poor function (ref ≥90% LSI)‡ | 31 (38%) | 1.26 (0.66 to 2.41) | 4.17 (1.37 to 12.72) | 0.69 (0.21 to 2.35) | 0.68 (0.20 to 2.31) | 1.65 (0.62 to 4.44) |
| Triple-crossover HFD | ||||||
| Raw score (cm)† | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.01) | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.00) | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) | 0.99 (0.98 to 1.00) | |
| Poor function (ref ≥90% LSI)‡ | 25 (32%) | 2.09 (1.15 to 3.81) | 2.60 (0.79 to 8.62) | 1.02 (0.31 to 3.38) | 1.02 (0.29 to 3.57) | 1.76 (0.52 to 6.01) |
| Side-hop | ||||||
| Raw score (repetitions)† | 1.01 (0.98 to 1.05) | 1.08 (1.01 to 1.15) | 0.96 (0.91 to 1.02) | 1.00 (0.95 to 1.06) | 0.97 (0.92 to 1.02) | |
| Poor function (ref ≥90% LSI)‡ | 49 (63%) | 1.02 (0.51 to 2.03) | 3.77 (1.15 to 12.43) | 1.10 (0.47 to 2.60) | 1.69 (0.34 to 8.45) | 0.89 (0.35 to 2.28) |
| One-leg rise | ||||||
| Raw score (repetitions)† | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.02) | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.05) | 0.96 (0.94 to 0.99) | 0.99 (0.94 to 1.04) | 0.98 (0.95 to 1.02) | |
| Poor function (ref ≥90% LSI)‡ | 35 (48%)§ | 1.32 (0.72 to 2.41) | 2.92 (1.19 to 7.18) | 0.30 (0.08 to 1.05) | 0.58 (0.19 to 1.78) | 0.98 (0.33 to 2.93) |
| Functional battery‡ (ref ≥90% LSI ≥any one test) | ||||||
| Poor function all four tests§ | 9 (12%) | 1.99 (0.92 to 4.30) | 3.66 (1.12 to 12.01) | NA¶ | 1.32 (0.30 to 5.78) | 1.25 (0.32 to 4.88) |
Bold values indicate a statistically significant association (p<0.05).
*Values are RR (95% CIs). Analysis performed in n=78 who completed functional assessment at 1 year and MRI and X-ray evaluation at 1 and 5 years. n=73 for the one-leg rise and battery LSI% as five participants were not included, as they could not perform a valid one-leg rise on both ACLR and contralateral limb.
†For continuous exposure variables (raw score in cm or repetitions in ACLR limb), a RR >1 represents greater risk of the MRI-OA feature worsening in the presence of lower functional performance (ie, less distance or fewer repetitions). For example, a one repetition decrease on the side-hop test could be interpreted as having a 8% increased risk of worsening patellofemoral BMLs.
‡For dichotomous exposure variables (poor function defined as <90% LSI), a RR >1 represents a greater risk of the MRI-OA feature worsening in the presence of poor functional performance. For example, individuals with <90% LSI on the one-leg rise were 2.92 times more likely to have worsening patellofemoral BMLs, than those with >90% LSI.
§Poor functional performance was defined as <90% LSI.
¶Unable to perform analysis as all participants with <90% on the functional performance battery had TF cartilage defect worsening.
ACLR, ACL reconstruction; BML, bone marrow lesion; LSI, limb symmetry index; n, number of subregions with feature; N, total number of subregions; PF, patellofemoral; RR, risk ratio; TF, tibiofemoral.