| Losing fat mass† | ||
| Protein From increased dietary sources or supplemental isolated proteins | Enhances fat mass loss and promotes retention of lean mass | Meta-analyses confirm small but significant effects of greater dietary protein in weight loss to enhance fat mass loss and promote lean mass retention.164 165 |
| Pyruvate | No data | Small to trivial effect166 |
| Chromium | Potentiates biological actions of insulin | No effect167 |
| Green tea (polyphenol catechins and caffeine) | Thermogenic agent and/or lipolytic enhancing agent | Small to trivial effect168 |
| α-Lipoic acid | No clear role, but possible antioxidant | Small to trivial effect169 |
| Conjugated linolenic acid | Changes membrane fluidity favouring enhanced fat oxidation | Small to trivial effect170 |
| Konjac fibre (glucomannan) | Water-soluble polysaccharide—dietary fibre | Small to trivial effect171 |
| Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids | No clear role, but possible appetite suppression, improved blood flow and/or modulator of gene expression | Small to trivial effect172 |
| Chitosan | Lipid-binding agent to reduce lipid absorption | Small to trivial effect173 |
*In combination with a progressive resistance exercise programmes.
†In combination with an exercise-induced and/or diet-induced energy deficit.