RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Are adjunct treatments effective in improving pain and function when added to exercise therapy in people with patellofemoral pain? A systematic review with meta-analysis and appraisal of the quality of interventions
JF British Journal of Sports Medicine
JO Br J Sports Med
FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine
SP 792
OP 804
DO 10.1136/bjsports-2024-108145
VO 58
IS 14
A1 Souto, Larissa Rodrigues
A1 De Oliveira Silva, Danilo
A1 Pazzinatto, Marcella F
A1 Siqueira, Malu Santos
A1 Moreira, Roberta Fátima Carreira
A1 Serrão, Fábio Viadanna
YR 2024
UL http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/58/14/792.abstract
AB Objective To compare the effectiveness of adjunct treatments combined with exercise to exercise alone in people with patellofemoral pain (PFP) and explore the quality of intervention descriptions in randomised controlled trials (RCTs).Design Systematic review.Data sources Seven databases were searched in November 2023.Eligibility RCTs that evaluated the effectiveness of any adjunct treatment combined with exercise to exercise alone on self-reported pain and function in people with PFP.Results We included 45 RCTs (2023 participants), with 25 RCTs (1050 participants) contributing to meta-analyses. Pooled analysis indicated very low-certainty evidence that neuromuscular electrical stimulation or monopolar dielectric diathermy combined with exercise leads to small and large improvements in self-reported pain when compared with exercise alone (standardised mean difference (95% CI)=−0.27 (−0.53 to −0.02) and −2.58 (−4.59 to −0.57), respectively) in the short-term. For self-reported pain and function, very low-certainty evidence indicates that knee taping, whole-body vibration, electromyographic biofeedback and knee brace combined with exercise do not differ from exercise alone. Interventions are poorly described in most RCTs, adjunct treatments scored on average 14/24 and exercise therapy 12/24 in the Template for Intervention Description and Replication checklist.Conclusion Neuromuscular electrical stimulation and monopolar dielectric diathermy combined with exercise seem to improve self-reported pain in people with PFP compared with exercise alone. Knee taping, whole-body vibration, electromyographic biofeedback and knee brace do not offer additional benefits to exercise alone. Most interventions are poorly described, which is detrimental to translating research knowledge into clinical practice.PROSPERO registration number CRD42020197081.All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information.